Levelling (or Leveling) is a branch of surveying, the object of which is: i) to find the elevations of given points with respect to a given or assumed datum, and ii) to establish points at a given or assumed datum. The first operation is required to enable the works to be designed while the second operation is required in the setting out of all kinds of engineering works. Levelling deals with measurements in a vertical plane.
Level surface: A level surface is defined as a curved surface which at each point is perpendicular to the direction of gravity at the point. The surface of a still water is a truly level surface. Any surface parallel to the mean spheroidal surface of the earth is, therefore, a level surface.
Level line: A level line is a line lying in a level surface. It is, therefore, normal to the plumb line at all points.
Horizontal plane: Horizontal plane through a point is a plane tangential to the level surface at that point. It is, therefore, perpendicular to the plumb line through the point.
- If a survey job is only done once in a while, the handling of a level instrument is less complicated and acquaintance with the instrument is quickly made. In this manual different types of leveling instruments are discussed. The procedure for execution of a site survey and the way of recording and calculation of the data are shown.
- NOAA’s National Geodetic Survey (NGS) provides a great deal of the accurate elevation data needed by these groups to do their work successfully. However, sea level rise, subsidence (i.e., land sinking), and geological events such as earthquakes are among the many forces constantly changing the surface of the Earth.
Serving the Bexar County community through its programs and services that help students succeed in acquiring the knowledge and skills needed in today’s world. Today, five colleges fulfill this promise with a vast array of courses and 2-year degrees. Post-Baccalaureate Leveling Program. The Post-Baccalaureate Leveling Program is designed for individuals who have already obtained a Bachelor’s degree in an area other than Communication Sciences and Disorders or Speech-Language Pathology. The Post-Baccalaureate Leveling Program is designed to prepare you for a graduate program in Communication Sciences and Disorders.
Horizontal line: It is a straight line tangential to the level line at a point. It is also perpendicular to the plumb line.
Vertical line: It is a line normal to the level line at a point. It is commonly considered to be the line defined by a plumb line.
Datum: Datum is any surface to which elevation are referred. The mean sea level affords a convenient datum world over, and elevations are commonly given as so much above or below sea level. It is often more convenient, however, to assume some other datum, specially, if only the relative elevation of points are required.
Elevation: The elevation of a point on or near the surface of the earth is its vertical distance above or below an arbitrarily assumed level surface or datum. The difference in elevation between two points is the vertical distance between the two level surface in which the two points lie.
Vertical angle: Vertical angle is an angle between two intersecting lines in a vertical plane. Generally, one of these lines is horizontal.
Mean sea level: It is the average height of the sea for all stages of the tides. At any particular place it is derived by averaging the hourly tide heights over a long period of 19 years.
Bench Mark: It is a relatively permanent point of reference whose elevation with respect to some assumed datum is known. It is used either as a starting point for levelling or as a point upon which to close as a check.
Methods of levelling
Three principle methods are used for determining differences in elevation, namely, barometric levelling, trigonometric levelling and spirit levelling.
Barometric levelling
Barometric levelling makes use of the phenomenon that difference in elevation between two points is proportional to the difference in atmospheric pressures at these points. A barometer, therefore, may be used and the readings observed at different points would yield a measure of the relative elevation of those points.
At a given point, the atmospheric pressure doesn’t remain constant in the course of the day, even in the course of an hour. The method is, therefore, relatively inaccurate and is little used in surveying work except on reconnaissance or exploratory survey.
Trigonometric Levelling (Indirect Levelling)
Trigonometric or Indirect levelling is the process of levelling in which the elevations of points are computed from the vertical angles and horizontal distances measured in the field, just as the length of any side in any triangle can be computed from proper trigonometric relations. In a modified form called stadia levelling, commonly used in mapping, both the difference in elevation and the horizontal distance between the points are directly computed from the measured vertical angles and staff readings.
Spirit Levelling (Direct Levelling)
It is that branch of levelling in which the vertical distances with respect to a horizontal line (perpendicular to the direction of gravity) may be used to determine the relative difference in elevation between two adjacent points. A horizontal plane of sight tangent to level surface at any point is readily established by means of a spirit level or a level vial. In spirit levelling, a spirit level and a sighting device (telescope) are combined and vertical distances are measured by observing on graduated rods placed on the points. The method is also known as direct levelling. It is the most precise method of determining elevations and the one most commonly used by engineers.
Levelling Instruments
The instruments commonly used in direct levelling are:
- A level
- A levelling staff
What are the program satisfaction survey questions?
Leveling Program Surveying Pdf
Program satisfaction survey questions are a questionnaire used to collect feedback that can help training organizations or academic institutions measure the participants’ satisfaction levels for their specific programs. Such a questionnaire can help institutions and organizations understand the factors that help satisfy program participant needs. Hence, it can enable them to modify the programs accordingly based on their opinions.
For example, an academic institution wants to understand the student’s satisfaction level with the current course they are running for social studies. Such a questionnaire will enable an institution to gain insight on parameters such as course curriculum evaluation, how well the course was taught, and satisfaction level with the services provided during the program. In such a case, a social studies course evaluation survey template can help the institution to evaluate its current program. It can make strategic changes to the existing programs based on the participant feedback.
When conducting a survey questionnaire, there are a few things that have to be kept in mind. It is crucial to understand the objective of creating an online survey, the research design to be used, the amount of qualitative and quantitative data you want to collect, and what demographic questions to be included.
Such points will help you create a useful survey to measure satisfaction scores and give you good response rates.
Top 5 things to include in a program satisfaction survey
When running a program satisfaction survey, the organization or the institution should cover questions that will help gauge the satisfaction level of the participants regarding the following points:
The classroom environment and course material – Questions related to the overall classroom environment, which may revolve around hygiene, location, etc. and course material used or provided are essential things to understand to evaluate the program.
Teaching methodologies – Teaching methods are one of the most important points that will define the program’s effectiveness. Hence, understanding the participant feedback regarding the methods used for teaching and their effectiveness is a crucial point to take into consideration to gauge if the participant needs are being satisfied.
Evaluation of other participants in the program – Most programs have a set eligibility criterion to participate in programs. These criteria help institutions to create a learning environment for all students. Taking participant feedback about the way everyone was chosen in the program can also impact the participants’ satisfaction level and impact their learnings. Hence, questions related to facilitators and participants should be covered in program satisfaction questionnaires.
Leveling Program Surveying Software
Administrative processes – It is important for institutions to get feedback on the administrative processes involved in the program. Questions related to registrations, fees payments processes, etc. should be covered.
The effectiveness of the program – One of the most important points to be evaluated is the effectiveness of the program. Direct questions or open-ended questions can give you an accurate measurement of the satisfaction levels of the participants.
Top 21 program satisfaction survey questions for questionnaires
Leveling Program
- Considering your complete experience with the program, how likely would you be to recommend it to a friend or colleague?
- What was the program name you enrolled for?
- What year did you attend the program?
- 2018
- 2017
- 2016
- 2015
- Before 2015, please specify
- Please rate your level of satisfaction for the following points? (Answer options: Very unsatisfied, Unsatisfied, Neutral, Satisfied, Very Satisfied)
- Program organization/arrangement
- Instructors knowledge about the topic
- Facility environment
- Administrative processes
- Pricing of the program
- On a scale of 1 to 7, how would you rate the following staff?
- Payments department staff
- Registration staff
- Instructors
- Cleanliness staff
- How did you hear about our program?
- Printed Brochure
- Email promotion
- Website
- Flyer
- Newspaper
- Outdoor hoarding
- Other (please specify)
- How satisfactory was the teaching material used during the program?
- Very unsatisfied
- Unsatisfied
- Neutral
- Satisfied
- Very satisfied
- On a scale of 1 to 5, how challenging was the program?
- Do you think the duration of the program was good enough as per your expectation?
- Yes
- No
- Rather not say
- In your opinion, was the program schedule flexible?
- Yes
- No
- Rather not say
- Was the objective of the program explained clearly before registration?
- Yes
- No
- Rather not say
- Was your need satisfied after the completion of the program?
- Yes
- No
- Rather not say
- Please state three things that benefitted you the most from the program?
- Please state three things that you felt were unnecessary in the program?
- Did the program provide you with a good proportion of theoretical and practical learning?
- Yes
- No
- Rather not say
- How easy was the trainer’s language to understand?
- Very easy
- Moderately easy
- Neither easy nor difficult
- Moderately difficult
- Very difficult
- How often were you evaluated on the understanding of the program?
- Very often
- Sometimes
- Rarely
- Never
- On a scale of 1 to 5, how would you rate the evaluation methods?
- Please state your level of agreement for the following?
- The skill level of other participants was similar to yours
- The instructors were very knowledgable about the topic they were teaching
- Including interactive session in the program was a good choice
- The course material was easy to understand
- The registration process for the program was very smooth.
- Would you be interested in enrolling in another program with us?
- Yes
- No
- Do you have any suggestions/comments that will help us make the program better?